The First Triumvirate :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The First Triumvirate "3 paragraphs, why did Caesar, Pompey and Crassus need the (amicittia) First Triumvirate." Crassus' motives for the need for the First Triumvirate according to Scullard are as follows, "Crassus supported a request from a company of tax-gatherers that the Senate should adjust a bad bargain which they had made in contracting for the taxes of Asia." His supporters had found out that Asia had been 'economically raped' due to the Mithradatic wars, where Asia was sandwiched. Cato, basically turning Crassus' political career towards the wall and going nowhere, rejected the one-third rebate. This was really bad in political terms his career had stagnated for such a politically ambitious man. Pompey's motives for the need of the First Triumvirate are according to Scullard both political and personal. As Scullard seems to suggest, " ... Pompey had been rebuffed by the Optimates in both his private and public life. Cato rejected a suggestion that Pompey should marry one of his relations, but of greater importance was Pompey's double request that his eastern settlement should be ratified by the Senate and that land should be provided for his veterans." Pompey who had promised his veterans land. The way he disbanded his army and approached the Senate alone requesting his reasonable requests seems to suggest that he was fairly confident that he had achieved enough, and that the Senate would pass the request, but instead the Senate rejected his requests. A few attempts where made to pass the land bill for his troops with the use of Afranius and Metellus Celer both proved ineffective. His political career had too stagnated and hit the wall, this would be going nowhere. The senate rejecting the ratification of the eastern settlement, which is perfectly normal due to the fact that sources suggest that Pompey did it on his own, will and did not consult the senate, so the even though what he did was an extraordinary achievement the Senate can say no and so they did. Caesar upon arriving back from his outstanding success, in Spain he paid back his enormous debt to Crassus and still a multi millionare. On his return he wanted a triumph and the consulship, but since he could not as a commander enter the city to stand for election, he asked the Senate for permission to stand in absentia. "Though there were precedents, the Senate refused." Caesar abandoned his triumph and entered Rome as an ordinary candidate.

Behaviorial Based Interviewing :: Human Resources

Behavioral interviewing is a technique employers use to determine if you are a good fit for the job. This is accomplished by asking questions that pertain to your past behavior. The information gained through this technique is used as an indicator of your future success. In other words, the answers you give about your past experiences will be used to predict your future performance (Quintessential) Employers use often use behavioral interviews to evaluate the candidates past behavior and experiences to determine their potential for success within the company. Organizations need to be prepared in searching for the right employee. There may be a wealth of talent looking for a job, but it's important to find right person who "fits" the company. Dr. Paul Green of Behavioral Technology, Inc. developed and trademarked the behavioral interviewing system. In behavioral interviewing, employers expect candidates to succinctly reveal specific stories about relevant work situations they encountered. If the interviewer does not receive an sufficient answer, the interviewer usually probes the candidate to receive more concrete examples. Although some consider this task time consuming, it is a valuable method in narrowing a large pool of applicants. In this technique, employers learn how people actually behaved in certain situations in prior jobs. Many human resources professionals believe this is a very effective predictor of behavior in future positions (Green). The employer identifies job-related experiences, knowledge, behaviors, skills, and abilities that the company desires for the particular position. Behaviorial Based Interviewing :: Human Resources Behavioral interviewing is a technique employers use to determine if you are a good fit for the job. This is accomplished by asking questions that pertain to your past behavior. The information gained through this technique is used as an indicator of your future success. In other words, the answers you give about your past experiences will be used to predict your future performance (Quintessential) Employers use often use behavioral interviews to evaluate the candidates past behavior and experiences to determine their potential for success within the company. Organizations need to be prepared in searching for the right employee. There may be a wealth of talent looking for a job, but it's important to find right person who "fits" the company. Dr. Paul Green of Behavioral Technology, Inc. developed and trademarked the behavioral interviewing system. In behavioral interviewing, employers expect candidates to succinctly reveal specific stories about relevant work situations they encountered. If the interviewer does not receive an sufficient answer, the interviewer usually probes the candidate to receive more concrete examples. Although some consider this task time consuming, it is a valuable method in narrowing a large pool of applicants. In this technique, employers learn how people actually behaved in certain situations in prior jobs. Many human resources professionals believe this is a very effective predictor of behavior in future positions (Green). The employer identifies job-related experiences, knowledge, behaviors, skills, and abilities that the company desires for the particular position.

Renzo Piano †Favourite Artist Essay

Renzo Piano is a famous architect renowned for his unique approach to design and his philosophy. He was born into a family of builders and he continued on the tradition of â€Å"making things† as he puts it, by designing some award winning & famous buildings, including the Georges Pompidou Centre in Paris, France, the San Nicola Stadium in Bari, Italy, the Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan and the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea, New Caledonia. Renzo’s work is highly regarded as art. Each building is innovative, well detailed and each designed with a unique approach. Renzo views light as a â€Å"building material† and this is obvious throughout all of his projects. Born in 1937 in Genoa, Italy, Renzo studied at the University of Florence and the Milan Polytechnic. Following his graduation from architecture school in 1964, he worked in his father’s construction company where he got the chance to design, under the guidance of Franco Albini. Renzo formed his own practice in 1965 before joining Richard Rogers in 1971. It was his last collaboration with Richard Rogers on the controversial Georges Pompidou Centre, in 1977 that initially brought him fame. In 1978 Renzo began a long period of collaboration with Irish engineer Peter Rice, which would produce many fine buildings. Renzo then created the Renzo Piano Building Workshop in 1981, with studios in Genoa and Paris. He received the RIBA Gold Medal in 1989 and the prestigious Pritzker Prize in 1998. Inspirations Renzo lists the Renaissance architect, Filippo Brunelleschi among his many inspirations. Brunelleschi, who is famous for inventions including heavy lifting mechanisms based on the inner workings of a clock and linear perspective, was a true innovator and experimenter. In addition to his 15th century idol, Renzo pays homage to Jean Prouvà ©Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ of France with whom he formed a friendship while working in collaboration with Louis Kahn in Philadelphia and Z. S. Makowsky in London. Louis Kahn was regarded as a philosopher among architects, he didn’t have many projects (only 25 or so) but he has inspired hundreds. His work infused the â€Å"International Style†. Two other important influences he acknowledges were Buckminster Fuller and Pier Luigi Nervi. Family Renzo was born into a family of builders. His grandfather, his father, four uncles and a brother were all contractors, and he admits, he should have been one too. He was seventeen when he approached his father with the idea of going to architecture school. â€Å"Why do you want to be just an architect? You can be a builder,† was his father’s response which has never been forgotten. Renzo states that as the main reason for naming his architecture studio the Renzo Piano Building Workshop, rather than Piano Architects & Associates. While still studying in Milan, Renzo married a girl he had known from school days in Genoa, Magda Arduino. They have three children, two of which have carried on the Piano family tradition, with their son Matteo becoming an industrial designer and their daughter Lia an architect. Renzo & Magda separated during construction of the Georges Pompidou Centre as Magda preferred to be in Genoa, but Renzo was required in Paris. Renzo met Emilia Rossato when she came to work for him. They were married in 1992 by Jacques Chirac, then the Mayor of Paris who supported the construction of the Georges Pompidou Centre through the many crises. Renzo’s first important commission was in 1969 to design the Italian Industry Pavilion at Expo ‘70 in Osaka. His late brother, Ermanno, built and installed the pavilion and a number of other projects before his premature death in 1993. Georges Pompidou Centre, completed 1977. Renzo Piano’s association with Richard Rogers led to many interesting buildings, but it is the Georges Pompidou Centre, in Paris which brought them fame. One of his original ideas for the Centre had been to build a giant inverted pyramid but his clear belief in functionality and logic led him and Rogers to opt for the clarity of the giant rectangle of a city block. Initially, all of the functional structural elements of the building were colour-coded: green pipes for plumbing, blue ducts are for climate control, electrical wires are encased in yellow, and circulation elements are red. Although in recent renovations, this colour coding has been partially removed, and many of the elements are simply painted white. During the planning and construction stages of the project the Pompidou was very controversial, with various court cases and public protests holding up completion, but it has since become exactly what Piano and Rogers wanted it to be, â€Å"a joyful urban machine.† Despite often being described as â€Å"High Tech† Renzo gets very annoyed if the Pompidou Centre is described as such. Instead he prefers it described as â€Å"a double provocation: a challenge to academicism, but also a parody of the technological imagery of our time†. The building itself created over a hundred thousand square meters in the heart of Paris, devoted to the figurative arts, music, industrial design, and literature. In the three decades since it opened, over a 200 million people have visited it, averaging more than 25,000 people per day which shows its overwhelming success. San Nicola Stadium completed 1989. Renzo Piano and Peter Rice collaborated on the design of the San Nicola Stadium in Bari, Italy which was built for the World Cup, Italia ‘90. The stadium was built of one basic material, concrete. The shape of the stands and the beams clearly reveals the modularity of the structure. The entire ellipse of the stadium is made up of 26 â€Å"petals†, each assembled out of 310 crescent shaped elements, which were prefabricated on site. Each petal is supported by just four pillars. Although these supports are fairly massive, the well thought out design makes the petals appear to rise above the banked ground as if they are floating. The gaps between the petals let the light and colour of the landscape into the stadium. Usually, concave structures tend to induce claustrophobia however the transparency achieved with the vertical cuts reduces this effect, and contributes to a more relaxed enjoyment of the sport. Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Genoa The Renzo Piano Building Workshop was built in 1989 on the coast west of Genoa. Perched on the rocks and surrounded by the sea and mountains, Renzo describes this creation as â€Å"half rock, half ship†. In fact, the place is called Punta Nave, meaning Ship Rock. Renzo believes â€Å"Creating something is difficult enough, but putting yourself in the right state to create something is even more difficult† and says of this studio, â€Å"here I find calm, silence and concentration†. Overlooking the Mediterranean and surrounded by beautiful scenery, the setting provides an â€Å"inspiring ambience†. Renzo and his brother Ermanno’s firm collaborated with UNESCO to build a plant research station and workshop on the same site. UNESCO scientists are now growing and studying bamboo, agave and cane in the building and the surrounding lands. Kansai International Airport, completed 1990. Before entering the competition for the Kansai Airport, Renzo, wished to visit the site, as is normal procedure. In this case it involved a boat trip which led to a moment of embarrassment, as at a certain point on the open sea, one of Renzo’s party asked where the airport was to be, only to be told, â€Å"Here.† Since Osaka had no room for an airport, the local authorities decided to build an artificial island for it in the bay. Not a small island either, on completion it would be 15 square kilometres. Renzo describes the structure as â€Å"a missing link between ground and airplane† as it â€Å"spreads over the island like a glider†. At 1.7 kilometres long, it’s one of the world’s largest buildings and as the terminal caters one hundred thousand passengers per day, it’s also one of the busiest. A testament to Renzo’s quest for technological and site sensitive design considerations is that during the Kobe earthquake of 1995, there was not a single pane of broken glass at Kansai, despite being exactly the same distance from the epicentre as Kobe, which suffered severe damage. Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea The Renzo Piano Building Workshop won an international competition in 1991 to design the Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Noumea, a Pacific island territory in New Caledonia. The French government built this centre which is named after the late Jean Marie Tjibaou, to record and exhibit the culture of the Kanak people. Renzo’s concept is a genuine village composed on ten structures of different sizes and functions, the largest being as tall as a nine story building. The ten structures of the centre are organized into three villages: one is devoted to exhibitions; another is for administrative staff & historians; the third is for creative activities such as dance, painting, sculpture and music. The buildings are, as Piano puts it, â€Å"an expression of the harmonious relationship with the environment, that is typical of the local culture. They are curved structures resembling huts, built out of wooden joists and ribs; they are containers of an archaic appearance, whose interiors are equipped with all the possibilities offered by modern technology†. As Colin Amery (Special Advisor to the World Monuments Fund) put it, â€Å"there was a real danger that a western architect could have presented a scheme that was a kitsch rendering of traditional styles, but Renzo and his colleagues were more than aware of this possible pitfall and it is a tribute to their approach that their design appears indigenous while being contemporary†. Renzo won the competition because he did not arrive in the islands imposing his designs and ideas on the community. He listened to the client’s requirements, traditions and ideas in order to create a personalised design that is sensitive to the delicate and beautiful setting. Renzo states â€Å"There is always the temptation to impose one’s own design, one’s own way of thinking or, even worse, one’s own style. I believe, instead, that a light approach is needed. Light, but without abandoning the stubbornness that enables you to put forward your own ideas whilst being permeable to the ideas of others†. Conclusion Renzo Piano’s architecture has been described as a â€Å"rare melding of art, architecture, and engineering in a truly remarkable synthesis† and he has been compared to Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo for his innovation. While his designs incorporate the most current technology, his roots are clearly in the classic Italian philosophy and tradition. He is also intensely concerned with issues of habitability and sustainable architecture in a constantly changing world. Renzo’s designs are the result of analysis and research and are the best, practical answers to specific problems. As Colin Amery said, â€Å"there is a sense in all his works of a problem solved† and â€Å"He may try an experiment to solve the problem but he will not build anything that is not an intelligent solution†. What is Architecture? This is a topic on which Renzo encourages open discussion. In his words he describes architecture as â€Å"a service, in the most literal sense of the term. It is an art that produces things that serve a purpose. But it is also a socially dangerous art, because it is an imposed art. You can put down a bad book; you can avoid listening to bad music; but you cannot miss the ugly tower block opposite your house. And architecture is an ancient profession; perhaps the world’s oldest, a little like hunting, fishing, farming, exploring the seas. These are man’s original activities from which all others stem. Immediately after the search for food, we find the search for shelter; at a certain point, man was no longer content with the refuges offered by nature and became an architect†. In my opinion, Renzo Piano has more to offer than beautiful, purposeful buildings. I believe that his philosophies can be applied to all design disciplines. My interpretations of Renzo’s beliefs are: Embrace technology, but respect the theories, practices and traditions of the past. Good design is a union of technology and art. Listen to the client’s requirements rather than imposing your own ideas. You’re designs should be practical, innovative and effective. Pay attention to detail, for it’s the finest details that have the longest lasting effect. Don’t stick to one style; treat every project as a new adventure. If you don’t, you risk becoming bored and will gradually loose inspiration. Experiment with materials and processes in order to gain an understanding of what is possible, rather than abiding by the limits imposed by what you already know, or think you know.

Public Finance Entitlement Essay

Entitlement is said to be corrupting us according to the article written by Nicholas Ebertadt. According to him, as each day passes, the government focuses more attention to the pubic transfers of money, goods and services to individual citizens than any other goals. They spend more on the individual than the rest of other issues combined. In 2010 alone, the government spent over $2.2 trillion in money, goods and services. According to the article, two-thirds of resources and money goes into entitlement. This is what is causing people not to be hardworking citizens. People are depending too much on government spending rather than working hard for themselves. The American way of life has become the mentality of taking not working. On the article written by Willaim A. Gaslton, Entitlement is not corrupting but rather they are part of the civic compact. That is, entitlement is meant for future generations and those who cannot take care of themselves and not those who can do something for themselves but refuse to do so. The article suggest that it is ok for low wage income earners who are working hard but cannot afford certain amenities to seek for aid from the government. These groups of people can be described as interdependency. Well, for my point of view, I would not say Entitlement is corrupting us but rather it is an issue that needs to be looked at critically. My reasons being, first, many people are giving birth at age of 18 and 16 years that just completed high school or might still be in high school, and they believe is ok to be in that situation because after all the government will help. There a lot of people that I know that are about 18 years old and already has 2 kids plus one more on the way. What is she going to do to support her kids other than take form the rich and give to her, thus Medicaid, food stamps, etc. There are a lot of people who will give birth to a child they cannot support but just for the sake of getting tax money from the government. It is alright to help the ones that are working hard but still struggle taking care of some amenities and also the ones that cannot work due to reasonable factors. However, I think it is wrong for people to ask for government help when they are physically strong and capable of working but refuse not to. That is where the problem lies and needs to be fixed.

A Dirty Job Chapter 27

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Leadership theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership theories - Research Paper Example Leadership is ever green immortal and probably the most talked about topic. Perhaps the reason of its immortality is its relevance to our lives not only professional or business but personal and social life as well.It will not be an overstatement to say that leadership is that life-enriching and vital experiences which is crucial for our existence. Its scope is very vast which cannot be restricted to a single task, job, role or a certain organizational level. In this paper I will discuss in detail what is leadership? Different accepted styles of leadership, theories of leadership their merits and demerits and what was the need for the new theory to evaluate. It will basically be a comparative study of the two theories of leadership. What is leadership? Leadership is very vital and its importance is widely accepted. In order to understand fully different theories of leadership we first need to have a clear picture of what leadership is all about. It may sound simple but in fact leader ship is a very complex and complicated social process which depends not only the ways of thinking, vision, creativity, knowledge, skills characteristics and values of the leader but also the followers. Leadership is not all about aura and charisma of a person but a good leader is one who can see the clear picture of the present understands it’s various aspects and through his vision can guide its followers to the bright future. Good leadership (V.Gallos, 2008)is emotional; it compels drives and motivates you to achieve something. It is a continuous process of building and maintaining the relationship between the follower and the leader. In its spirit it is multidimensional which encompasses different skills, vision, process, map, issues, organization levels, cultures, policies, practices and issues. A good leader has to pass the test of time banking on the strengths and minimizing weaknesses while materializing the opportunities and avoiding the threats in the environment wit hout overreliance on any single person or process. Leadership Theories In the twentieth century theories about leadership started to evolve. Classical theories of leadership were based on traits of the leaders such remained the case for about thirty years and then it evolved to behavioral theory of leadership. There are basically six types of theories of leadership. Trait based leadership Contingency leadership Behavioral leadership Participative leadership Transactional leadership Transformational leadership All these theories concentrate only on the leader and do not take into account followers. It was observed that all these theories actually led to a prototypical leader. All the leaders were supposed to have a typical defined set of qualities, characteristics and a set of accepted and laudable behavior. This stereo type leader was a male white. These theories ignored diversity both in the gender and racial sense. According to different studies conducted these leadership theories had many biases. This will be discussed in detail below. Leader Categorization First of all we have to determine what we exactly mean by leader Categorization. Leader categorization theory (George R. Geothals, 2006) says that there are widely accepted and shared beliefs and perceptions about leaders their traits their behavior. Followers have specific and fixed views about general and specific task based upon preconceived ideas and notions about how a leader should be. It includes personal traits such as openness, active, initiator, visionary, focused, determined, interested,

Response Execution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Response Execution - Essay Example These plans may be carried out verbally and informally, especially for incidents that are simple in nature and have short duration by the Incident Commander. Written action plans, are considered whenever there are two or more areas of responsibility involved, the duration of the incident carried on into another operational period, new organizational elements are triggered and if it is required by agency policy (Greene, 2001). Incident management plans are written to clearly provide a statement of objectives and appropriate measures, provide a gauge to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness and to provide a basis to assess the progress and accountability of the incident of the incident team (Greene, 2001). A sniper was reported within the vicinity of the power failure area. The said sniper is randomly shooting citizens in the downtown park area. Said area is congested due to the power outage. According to initial reports, two civilians were shot by said sniper and may still be alive. There will be one assigned Incident Commander (IC) who will directly have the overall responsibility of the resolution of the situation. In this exercise, the Governor of Arizona is the most likely candidate as he/she is mandated by State of Arizona to execute the Emergency Response and Recovery Plan (SERRP), the ICS management plan of the state (State of Arizona, 2003). The IC shall oversee the functions of the incident command system (ICS) and their respective section chiefs - operations (responsible for direct tactical actions), planning (responsible for preparation of action plan, resource maintenance and situational status), logistics (provide support), finance administration (procurement of supplies and cost accounting), information officer, safety officer and other representatives from assisting agencies. (Greene, 2001). The unified command ICS structure will be used, as it is the structure being utilized by the SERRP. Due to the potentially wider scope and further implications of the scenarios, the Governor of